The Relationship between Serum Concentration of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones with Breast Cancer in Iraqi Women

Authors

  • Department of Chemistry / College of Science / Al-Mustansiriyah University / Baghdad-Iraq
  • Department of Chemistry / College of Science / Al-Mustansiriyah University / Baghdad-Iraq
  • DNA Center for Research and Training / Al-Nahrain University / Baghdad-Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32792/jeps.v13i2.317

Keywords:

Hormones, Thyroid hormones, Estrogen, Breast cancer.

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common types of cancer among women. Based on international organizations, hundreds of women die from this disease each year around the world. Most common risk factors of BC in women are hormone-related pathway. Some cases of BC show an increase in the level of steroid-receptor protein in the breast tissue, these cases of cancers are called hormone dependent. In the other hand, a clear relationship between high level of thyroid hormone and BC has been reported in some studies. In this work, the relationship between steroid and thyroid hormones with BC was studied in Iraqi women who are diagnosed with BC and before starting any kind of therapy. Serum concentrations of steroid and thyroid hormones was measured using a fully automatic device. Blood samples were collected from 60 women affected with BC and 60 healthy women, those groups are dividing into two sub-groups; premenopausal and postmenopausal. The level of estrogen was increased significantly (p<0.05) in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal patients compared to controls, while, the level of testosterone was increased significantly in pre-menopausal patients and the increase in its level was non-significant (p>0.05) in postmenopausal patients compared with healthy. Furthermore, the increase in progesterone level was significant only in postmenopausal patient women. In addition, the differences in the T3 levels was non-significant between all women with BC and controls, while, the level of T4 was significantly increased in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women who are affected with BC and the level of TSH was reduced significantly just in post-menopausal patients. It can be concluded that hormonal disorders in women, especially estrogen, can lead to activation of BC cells

References

American Society of Cancer., “What is cancer?” [Online]. Available:

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/%0Awhat-is-cancer.html.

SPF, “Sante publique france: Cancer du sein.,” 2016. [Online]. Available:

http://invs.santepubliquefrance.fr/Dossiers-thematiques/Maladies-chroniqueset-

%0Atraumatismes/Cancers/Donnees-par-localisation/Cancer-du-sein.

American Cancer Society, “Early detection of breast cancer, what is the risk factor, 6:113.,” 2011.

R. C. Travis and T. J. Key, “Oestrogen exposure and breast cancer risk,” Breast Cancer Research,

vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1–9, 2003.

A. J. P. Lawrence A. Kaplan, Theory analysis correlation clinical chemistry, 5th ed. Mosby Inc.,

Library congress, 2010.

R. T. Fortner, A. H. Eliassen, D. Spiegelman, W. C. Willett, R. L. Barbieri, and S. E. Hankinson,

“Premenopausal endogenous steroid hormones and breast cancer risk: results from the Nurses’

Health Study II,” Breast Cancer Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2013.

M. Lemaire and L. Baugnet-Mahieu, “Thyroid function in women with breast cancer,” European

Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 301–307, 1986.

Ö. Cengiz et al., “The relationship between prognostic factors of breast cancer and thyroid

disorders in Turkish women,” Journal of surgical oncology, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 19–25, 2004.

P. P. Saraiva, N. B. Figueiredo, C. R. Padovani, M. M. Brentani, and C. R. Nogueira, “Profile of

thyroid hormones in breast cancer patients,” Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological

Research, vol. 38, pp. 761–765, 2005.

G. N. Farhat et al., “Sex hormone levels and risk of breast cancer with estrogen plus progestin,”

Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 105, no. 19, pp. 1496–1503, 2013.

A. M. Yousif, P. A. Ismail, and N. A. Ismail, “Steroid Hormones, Immunoglobulins and Some

Biochemical Parameters Changes in Patients with Breast Cancer,” Diyala Journal of Medicine,

vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2016.

B. Trabert et al., “Association of circulating progesterone with breast cancer risk among

postmenopausal women,” JAMA network open, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. e203645–e203645, 2020.

N. Ditsch et al., “Thyroid function in breast cancer patients,” Anticancer research, vol. 30, no. 5,

pp. 1713–1717, 2010.

L. Bach, K. Kostev, L. Schiffmann, and M. Kalder, “Association between thyroid gland diseases

and breast cancer: a case–control study,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 182, no. 1,

pp. 207–213, 2020.

Downloads

Published

2023-07-13