Study of Cesium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Various Halides (I, Br, Cl)

Abstract

In this study, all-inorganic tin-based halide perovskite solar cells were systematically analyzed by considering three different halide compositions: CsSnCl₃, CsSnBr₃, and CsSnI₃. The main objective was to understand how the variation of halide ions modifies the structural, optical, and photovoltaic characteristics of the devices. Numerical modeling, combined with insights from recent experimental reports, was employed to evaluate the effect of each composition on solar cell operation. The device configuration was designed with MoS₂ as the electron transport material (ETM), owing to its high carrier mobility and excellent stability, while WS₂ was selected as the hole transport material (HTM) to facilitate efficient hole extraction and minimize recombination pathways. The comparative assessment revealed that the halide type plays a decisive role in determining the bandgap and conversion efficiency. Among the candidates, CsSncl₃ exhibited superior performance, delivering a power conversion efficiency of 12.3%, a short-circuit current density of 16.9 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 18.9%. These findings highlight the promise of CsSncl₃-based devices integrated with 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (MoS₂/WS₂) as a pathway toward stable, lead-free, and high-efficiency perovskite solar technologies