Effect of Polymorphisms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-β1) in Women with Recurrent  Miscarriage

Widyan  Gataa Washel; Hassan  Raysan Mobarak; Hind  Mizhir Mousa

doi:10.32792/jeps.v14i1.394

المؤلفون

Widyan Gataa Washel
Hassan Raysan Mobarak
Hind Mizhir Mousa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32792/jeps.v14i1.394

الملخص

Abstract
The current study was conducted in the laboratories of Thi-Qar University's Research and marshes center in collaboration with (Bint Al Huda Hospital) from February 2023 to August 2023. The aim of the current study was to investigating the allelic association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in VEGF and TGFβ1genes with Recurrent miscarriage incidence by using PCR and gel electrophoresis. The study included 100 human blood samples with recurrent miscarriage women and 50 human blood samples as control group their ages ranged were between 17- 45 years. The patients and control were divided into three groups according to their age stages. The first group aged 17-26 years, the second group aged 27 – 36 years, and the third group aged37- 46 years. The VEGF and TGFβ1 promoter genes polymorphism (182 G/C) (488 C/T) promoter gene polymorphism was identified, and genotyping was verified by direct sequencing. The results of the statistical analysis showed no correlation between the occurrence of recurrent miscarriage and the emergence of mutation VEGF and TGFβ1 genes at p. value < 0.05. when it was compared with the control in some population of Thi-Qar province. Conclusions This research confirms that polymorphisms in the VEGF and TGFB1 genes have no impact on the prevalence of RM in Thi-Qar communities.

المراجع

Ebadi, P., Solhjoo, K., Bagheri, K., & Eftekhar, F. (2022). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in women

with recurrent spontaneous abortion in comparison with normal delivery. Pars Journal of Medical

Sciences, 9(1), 33-37.

Zhao, Y., Man, G. C. W., Zhang, R., Wong, C. K., Chen, X., Chung, J. P. W., ... & Li, T. C. (2022). A

prospective study comparing the inflammation-related cytokine and chemokine profile from the day of

blastocyst transfer to 7 weeks of gestation between pregnancies that did or did not result in a

miscarriage. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 154, 103755.

Nielsen, H. S. (2011). Secondary recurrent miscarriage and HY immunity. Human reproduction

update, 17(4), 558-574.

D’Ippolito, S., Longo, G., Orteschi, D., Busnelli, A., Di Simone, N., Pulcinelli, E., ... & Zollino, M.

(2023). Investigating the “Fetal Side” in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Reliability of Cell-Free DNA Testing

in Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities of Miscarriage Tissue. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(12),

Medford, A. R., Godinho,

Abdi-Shayan, S.; Monfaredan, A.; Moradi, Z.; Oskoui, M. R.; and Kazemi, T. (2016). Association of

CD46 IVS1-1724 C> G single nucleotide polymorphism in Iranian women with unexplained recurrent

spontaneous abortion (URSA). Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 15(4), 303-308.

Sultana, S., Nallari, P., & Ananthapur, V. (2020). Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL): an

overview. Journal of Womens Health and Development, 3(3), 302-315.

Lee, H. Y., Lee, Y. J., Ahn, M. B., Cho, W. K., & Suh, B. K. (2018). The effect of overweight on the

luteinizing hormone level after gonadorelin stimulation test in girls with idiopathic central precocious

puberty. Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 23(4), 215.

Marakhovskaya, T. A., Butenko, E. V., Kovalenko, K. A., & Mashkina, E. V. (2018). Association of

growth factors genes with miscarriage. Journal of reproduction & infertility, 19(4), 219.

Abu-Ghazaleh, N., Brennecke, S., Murthi, P., & Karanam, V. (2023). Association of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) with Recurrent Miscarriage: A Systematic Review of the Literature. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9449.

Vanaja, M. C., Rozati, R., Nassaruddin, K., & Vishnupriya, S. (2013). Association of VEGF+ 405G> C polymorphism with endometriosis. Front Biosci (Elite Ed), 5, 748-754.

Trugilo, K. P., Cebinelli, G. C. M., Berti, F. C. B., Okuyama, N. C. M., Cezar-dos-Santos, F., Sena, M. M., ... & de Oliveira, K. B. (2019). Polymorphisms in the TGFB1 signal peptide influence human papillomavirus infection and development of cervical lesions. Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 208, 49-58.

Şahin, A.; and Önder, F. (2016). Investigation of thyroid hormones and prolactin levels in fertile and infertile women. Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 2(1), 1-6.

Choi, T. Y., Lee, H. M., Park, W. K., Jeong, S. Y., & Moon, H. S. (2014). Spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage: A comparison of cytogenetic diagnosis in 250 cases. Obstetrics & gynecology science, 57(6), 518-525.

Hassold, T., & Chiu, D. (1985). Maternal age-specific rates of numerical chromosome abnormalities with special reference to trisomy. Human genetics, 70, 11-17.

Maconochie, N., Doyle, P., Prior, S., & Simmons, R. (2007). Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage—results from a UK‐population‐based case–control study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 114(2), 170-186.

Elkarhat, Z., Kindil, Z., Zarouf, L., Razoki, L., Aboulfaraj, J., Elbakay, C., ... & Rouba, H. (2019). Chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage: a 21-year retrospective study, a report of a novel insertion, and a literature review. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 36, 499-507.

Kolte, A. M., Nielsen, H. S., Moltke, I., Degn, B., Pedersen, B., Sunde, L., ... & Christiansen, O. B. (2011). A genome-wide scan in affected sibling pairs with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage suggests

genetic

linkage. Molecular

human

reproduction, 17(6),

-385.

Johnson, P., & Pearce, J. M. (1990). Recurrent spontaneous abortion and polycystic ovarian disease:

comparison of two regimens to induce ovulation.

Sun, Y., Chen, M., Mao, B., Cheng, X., Zhang, X., & Xu, C. (2017). Association between vascular

endothelial growth factor polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review and meta-

analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 211, 169-176.

Pang, L., Wei, Z., Li, O., Huang, R., Qin, J., Chen, H., ... & Chen, Z. J. (2013). An increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF soluble receptor-1 (sFlt-1) are associated with early recurrent spontaneous abortion. PloS one, 8(9), e75759.

Saravelos, S. H., & Regan, L. (2014). Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, 41(1), 157-166.

Al-Khateeb, G. M., Mustafa, F. E., Sater, M. S., & Almawi, W. Y. (2011). Effect of the functional VEGFA− 583C/T variant on vascular endothelial growth factor levels and the risk of recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. Fertility and sterility, 95(8), 2471-2473.

Pandey, M. K., Rani, R., & Agrawal, S. (2005). An update in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 272, 95-108.

Magdoud, K., Granados Herbepin, V., Messaoudi, S., Hizem, S., Bouafia, N., Almawi, W. Y., ... & Touraine, R. (2013). Genetic variation in TGFB1 gene and risk of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. Molecular human reproduction, 19(7), 438-443.

Manzoor, U., Pandith, A. A., Amin, I., Wani, S., Sanadhya, D., Ahmad, A., ... & Koul, A. (2021). Influence of prominent immunomodulatory cytokines TNF‐α308 G> A (rs1800629) and TGFβ1 G> C (rs1800471) sequence variations as an important contributing factor in etiopathogenesis of recurrent miscarriages in Kashmiri women (North India). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 47(5), 1686-1693.

Ogasawara, M. S., Aoki, K., Aoyama, T., Katano, K., Iinuma, Y., Ozaki, Y., & Suzumori, K. (2000). Elevation of transforming growth factor-β1 is associated with recurrent miscarriage. Journal of clinical immunology, 20, 453-457.